Our economy is based on technological innovation, and it is this generally accepted recognition of this core fact that unconsciously drives disjointed approaches to STEM. The table is too large to include in this brief article, but the fact that the interagency definition of STEM is so complex underscores the notion that a formal attempt at defining STEM is susceptible to lumping too many disparate disciplines together. The SOCPC workgroup provided their recommendation in August 2012, and that recommendation came in the form of a table with four “domain” columns and twenty rows for “types of occupation” (providing up to 80 possible intersections). In July 2011, the White House’s Office of Management and Budget tasked the BLS Standard Occupation Classification Policy Committee (SOCPC), a collection of federal agencies, with providing recommendations for defining STEM occupations based on the 2010 SOC “to enhance comparability of data across statistical agencies and organizations studying the STEM workforce for policymaking purposes, including educational and workforce planners.” The existing Bureau of Labor Statistics’ (BLS) Standard Occupational Classification (2010 SOC) system classifies all workers into 840 occupations.
#Stem definition series#
The term SMET was further highlighted to the public in a series of congressional hearings in 1997. This document reflects NSF’s educational focus of SMET in the words: One major NSF goal is to improve the quality of the Nation’s science, mathematics, engineering, and technology (SMET) education. The earliest that I have found the term used was dated 1993. The origins of the acronym SMET seem lost to history.
The term STEM was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at NSF (National Science Foundation) in 2001 to replace its predecessor SMET by reordering the words. History of STEMĬoncerns about domestic technical education are as old as the country per the following quote: Depending on how broadly the term is defined, federal interest in STEM education may be traced to the 1st Congress (outline of historic legislative provided in appendix of reference). This short article will attempt to explain how the lack of a STEM definition contributed to the origin of this philosophical confusion and, briefly, why this seemingly minor intellectual error has gained traction in our collective consciousness. Corporations flavor the definition they use to push for more workers while engineers and scientists, who complain there is an oversupply, have another.
#Stem definition how to#
We provide some general ideas on how to proceed with such theories and illustrate this with worked models for tissue stem cells of the hematopoietic system and the intestinal epithelium.Honest and productive discussions about STEM topics (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) are muddled by the public’s confusion about what exactly STEM means. Such concepts need a rigorous examination by formal modeling including simulation studies. This concept would permit to incorporate the context-dependent lineage plasticity, within-lineage plasticity and generation of stem cell heterogeneity as a result of a dynamically regulated process. We advocate to give up the view of TSC as being entities with a preprogrammed development and to replace it by a concept that makes the capabilities for flexible and regulated tissue self-organization based on cell-cell and cell-environment interactions the new paradigm. Flexibility and reversibility of tissue and lineage specification (tissue plasticity) and of properties within a tissue (within-tissue plasticity) have major implications with regard to concepts of stem cell function. A decade ago the flexibility criterion has attracted little attention but recent findings have indicated its importance. We conclude that the definition needs amendments. Here, we discuss the necessity for amending this definition in the light of recent insight into stem cell biology regarding stem cell heterogeneity, lineage plasticity, clonal fluctuation and cell-environment interactions.
A TSC is an undifferentiated cell, capable of proliferation, self-renewal, production of a large number of differentiated functional progeny, regenerating tissue after injury and a flexibility in the use of these options. The classical definition of adult tissue stem cells (TSC) is fundamentally based on a functional perspective.
0 kommentar(er)
